By Daniel Juol Nhomngek, Kampala, Uganda
April 21, 2017 (SSB) — South Sudan gained its independent State on 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. After the independence, it became a United Nations member state, a member state of the African Union, of the East African Community, and of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development.
Geographically, it is bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal.
The territories of modern South Sudan and the Republic of the Sudan were occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and later governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence was achieved in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983.
Due to the failure to implement 1972 Agreement, the second civil war broke out in 1983 and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 that later led to the independence of South Sudan as already mentioned. In 2005 southern autonomy that was done away with in 1983 was restored with the creation of the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan.