Gabe Joselow | Nairobi, Kenya
South Sudan is shutting down its oil production to protest against high fees Sudan charges to transport the commodity through northern pipelines. The move threatens both countries’ economies and is heightening tensions that have festered since the south declared independence in July.
The government of South Sudan says it already has cut oil output in the country by more than half and plans to continue reducing outflows unless Sudan meets its demands.
South Sudan had shut down most of its wells by the end of the day Tuesday in the north central parts of the country. The process is continuing in Upper Nile state in the east, home to the bulk of the country’s oil fields.
Continuing conflict
The shutoff is the latest development of an ongoing dispute between the two Sudans on how to share oil revenues following their split last year.
South Sudan claims the north has confiscated $815 million in oil from the south. Khartoum says it took the oil to compensate for lost revenues.
Sudan also is charging the south transit fees as high as $36 per barrel – far above the industry standard – which is closer to $1 per barrel.
South Sudan’s Petroleum and Mining Minister Stephen Dhieu Dau says that Khartoum’s terms are unacceptable.
“We also have been paying the operation costs for the pipeline and marine terminal and covering all these facilities. But Khartoum, unfortunately, is imposing punitive fees, discriminatory fees, against South Sudan as a penalty for the secession,” said Dau.
Heavy reliance on oil money
More than 90 percent of South Sudan’s revenues are derived from oil exports. The country, at its creation, inherited three-quarters of the known oil reserves in the former united Sudan. The separation is said to have cost Khartoum more than $7 billion in lost revenue.
While South Sudan produces the bulk of the crude oil, though, it has no refining capacity, and relies on northern pipelines to export.
The move to shutdown the pipelines will cost both countries economically, but Dau said the south has considered the alternatives.
“You will come to one answer. Either you produce, you get zero – or you shut down, you get zero and Khartoum gets zero,” said Dau.
AU summit negotiations
The leaders of the two Sudans are expected to meet on the sidelines of the African Union summit in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa. An AU panel that has been mediating the negotiations submitted a new draft proposal this week to resolve the dispute.
Dana Wilkins, a campaigner at Global Witness, a natural resources monitoring group, said the south has a lot to lose if its gambit does not work.
“South Sudan in particular is going to feel the hit on revenues pretty quickly. It’s not clear just how much they have in savings, but what is clear is that they’re going to have to rely heavily on the international community for financial support over the coming year if this shutdown happens in full and the negotiations don’t come to at least an interim arrangement,” said Wilkins.
South Sudan is exploring alternative transit routes for its oil. The government announced this week it has struck a deal with Kenya for a new pipeline stretching to the town of Lamu on the Indian Ocean. But it was not clear when the pipeline may be started or finished.
http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/South-Sudan-Gambles-Big-With-Oil-Shutdown-138129903.html
PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd - South Sudan 
Home more dangerous for South Sudanese women than war
Posted: March 22, 2012 by PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd. in CommentaryTags: Katy Migiro, nairobi kenya, south sudanese
PaanLuel Wel.
South Sudan=Saudi Arabia
Reading this piece of article sounds like it is making Saudi Arabia out of South Sudan. Relatively speaking, it would remind one of how Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian Islamist Philosopher behind the rise of Muslim Brotherhood, on his short visit to the USA, only saw and took away what, in his religious view, “is wrong with America.” While there was hardly any dispute about the factual accounts of Mr. Gutb, there was/is of course a great deal about his interpretations of what it was that he saw.
The same thing apply to Katy Migiro, the author of this article, which is a comment on the report by the SmallArmsGroup: her observations are interpreted from slanted view of her cultural background, just as Gutb saw and interpreted the American way of life from a Quranic perspective. To assert that “Home more dangerous for South Sudanese women than war” does not reflect the realities of life live by those women in South Sudan according to their own cultural understanding of life.
Take the issue of child marriage, for instance. The evilness of child marriage is a product of modernity. It was not until recently in the 20th century that Western Europeans and North Americans abandoned the practice that was until then a sacred norm. An account of palace intermarriages is full of young princesses married off as soon as they had reached puberty or even sometimes betrothed before puberty. And all these was done with the full blessings of the Heavenly fathers of the Church. Marriage was not a choice but a family arrangement!
To expect a traditional society as South Sudan to compete in the league of modern societies as Katy Migiro is trying to imply is a tall order that has no basis on how societal transitions from traditional way of life to modernity occur!
Of course, her piece will definitely make great impression on her peers within the LawTrust of Nairobi Kenya and may contribute to her eminence as an advocate of gender equality. But it remains what it is: Gutbian unwitting misrepresentation of the American way of life distorted by the lens of Islamic upbringing!
Home more dangerous for South Sudanese women than war
South Sudanese who fled the recent ethnic violence listen as a woman describes the attacks, in Gumuruk, Jonglei state, January 12, 2012. REUTERS/Hereward Holland
By Katy Migiro
NAIROBI (TrustLaw) – The greatest risk South Sudanese women face is in their own homes, despite the more obvious dangers posed by continued fighting, according to a new report by the Small Arms Survey.
South Sudan became independent last July following two decades of war with the Sudanese government in Khartoum. But nationhood has not brought peace, with over 325,000 people forced from their homes in 2011 due to a surge in fighting between the army and rebels and between rival ethnic groups, according to the U.N.
“The main threats to their security come not from traditional external sources, such as militia groups or armed conflict with Sudan, but from within their own homes,” the report said. “In the home, the place where they should feel most secure, women face numerous threats.”
Gender inequalities, rooted in culture, are often to blame, as well as chronic poverty and a lack of development.
Child marriage and domestic violence are socially accepted norms.
“I was 11 years old when I was promised in marriage,” said one 24-year-old interviewee, describing how she used to run and hide from her future husband when he came to visit as she only wore underwear at home.
“I didn’t want to marry him, but I didn’t have any choice. I had so many brothers who needed cattle [for marriage] and this man came with 30 cattle, so my father forced me to marry him.”
In South Sudan, as among many traditional pastoralist communities across Africa, the bride’s family receives a dowry, or bride price, from her husband’s family as a symbol of their appreciation for agreeing to the marriage. This is usually in the form of cattle.
KICKED IN THE STOMACH
Domestic violence is endemic in South Sudan, the report said.
The majority of women interviewed accepted domestic violence as a normal part of married life.
Two interviewees said their friend, who was four months pregnant, had been kicked in the stomach by her husband and admitted to hospital the previous day.
“Although they said she clearly hated and feared her husband, she was forced to return home with him,” the report said.
“Her friends explained: ‘Where else will she go? What will she do? She cannot divorce him; her family will not accept it.’”
Divorce is rare. Aside from the family pressure to remain married – as divorce would force the woman’s family to return the dowry cattle – mothers fear losing custody of their children.
Under customary law, children who have stopped breastfeeding should live with their father if their parents divorce. In some communities, they may stay with their mother up to the age of seven.
“The risk of losing their children forces many South Sudanese women to remain in abusive marriages,” the report said.
WORLD’S HIGHEST MATERNAL MORTALITY
Statistically, the greatest threats to South Sudanese women’s survival are pregnancy and childbirth:
All of the women interviewed said they wanted to have as many children as possible. “There is no limit; if I can have 15 or 20, then I will,” one female interviewee said.
During the independence struggle, childbearing was encouraged as part of the war effort.
Married women are expected to have children every three years until menopause.
HUNGER TO WORSEN
However, the majority of women interviewed perceived hungeras their biggest threat.
South Sudanese women eat whatever food is leftover after the men and children in the house have finished.
The report draws on interviews and focus groups conducted in South Sudan in 2010 and 2011.
It calls for a more people-centred approach to security, rather than the traditional military notion of state security, to safeguard women’s lives in South Sudan.
http://www.trust.org/trustlaw/news/home-more-dangerous-for-s-sudanese-women-than-war#.T2slnFgOSaZ.facebook
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