Invitation: The Red Army Foundation in Juba, South Sudan.

The Red Army Foundation, Juba

The 2 parallel Things President Kiir should do to win minds and hearts of South Sudanese

The two parallel things president Kiir should do to win the minds and hearts of South Sudanese.
By David Aoloch Bion
The seven things to evaluate South Sudan political crisis.
1 South Sudan is now the contended child by two women before King Solomon in the Bible. The presidency is the contested child. The SPLM in Government is the mother of the child. The SPLM in opposition is the mother of the dead child. The IGAD is the King Solomon, hearing the case of two women. The rebels or the mother of the dead child (failed coup) says “if I don’t get presidency, South Sudan (the living child) must be cut into two. Cutting into two means South Sudan should be restructured under federal system of governance, South Sudan should break up into autonomous states that could become independent countries, should one ethnic group still, continue, to dominate the politic and monopolize the resources.
2. Dinka Domination, it have been planted in the minds and hearts of 63 tribes of South Sudan that Dinka tribe has established itself or is trying to establish itself to dominate other tribes as the Arab did in the old Sudan.
3. President Kiir has lost legitimacy and support in Greater Upper Nile. Even if he gives them honey and milk or he makes the rain pour in dollars in Upper Nile, they will not recognize him as the legitimate president.
4. President Kiir has lost diplomatic support in the region. This is why the Kenyan, welcomed rebel leader Riek on the red carpet with full military honours. This is why Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea secretly supply the rebels with guns and ammunition.
5. The US, EU and UN have put president Kiir on the top of the “list of shame”. This is the list of the South Sudanese political and military leaders who will be tried by Hybrid Court either inside South Sudan or outside by the ICC in The Hague for their role in current crisis. This list of shame would have been published by UN Human rights and then forwarded to the ICC for indicting but was delayed, put on hold because it was going to jeopardize the peace process in the country. As soon as president Kiir signed and restore peace in the country, he will be indicted immediately by the ICC. This is what the UN chief Hilde Johnson in South Sudan meant by ‘’accountability at end’’
6. In Juba, on December 15, 2013, a fighting broke out between the soldiers loyal to president Kiir and soldiers loyal to former Vice President Riek Marchar. The history shows that if such scenario occurred, it is called a “coup”. When president Kiir announced that the coup was attempted in Juba. The World rubbished Kiir’s statement. The World says “it is not a coup”. What if those soldiers force president Kiir out of Juba, what would the world says? .wouldn’t they say president Kiir was overthrown in a coup? This proven that president Kiir is the ‘’most hated man’’ in the world today.
7. The rebels win support from Greater Equatoria because of their call for federalism.
With these underlying background in mind that the region and the world are trying hard to failed the people of South Sudan as leverage to bring down Mr. Kiir Administration in Juba. Mr. Kiir on the other hand, should apply his political efficacy to do two parallel things.
a. He should continue with peace process in Addis Ababa mediated by IGAD as an indirect ploy to get breathing space around the World. This is to gain trust, confident of the world leaders because the decision made in other part of the world affect us in one way or the other , because we are not an Island; we are part of the wider international community. This international community is the mirror we can see and evaluate ourselves.
b. On the other hand, he should immediately start the political reform aim at moving the country forward and out of the mess and frustration instead he waits until the peace is reached. Mr. Kiir should initiate the change, the change his people want in order to win their minds and hearts. Mr. Kiir should not insist “on his no reform, no change policy’’, because he is strong militarily or the SPLA have defeated the rebels in Nasir, the rebels stronghold. Mr. Kiir must know that she is the mother of the living child, the rebels are the mother of the dead child and for that reason, he should compromise and concede at the extreme end of the argument to avoid the child cut into two. President Kiir has something to lose. The rebel leader Riek has nothing to lose.
In the political reform, Mr. Kiir should do two things;
a At the grassroot level, he should convene the conference of the Paramount Chiefs and Chiefs of South Sudan in Juba
b At national level , he should authorize the Parliament to write the permanent , federal constitution that he could not interfere and manipulate like the first ones , he interfered and manipulated until the day he sign it into law , He should do it before the rebels come to deny them a chance of taking part in constructive ,political process in country as punishment for their violent strategies . He should not wait for the rebels to come and write the constitution with him or allow the constitution to be written outside the country as suggested by some elements, this disobey the sovereignty of the state
This is the speech he should deliver to the chief’s conference in Juba
‘’Honourable chiefs, you are elders of this country, I have called you to explain to you;
a. The genesis of crisis that started on December 15, 2013.
b. Why am I called “corrupted, failed, weak and murderer” by the politicians and media in South Sudan and around the world.
Before I explain the two issues, I will tell you briefly about the history of SPLM/A from 1983 to 2014.
We founded the SPLM/ SPLA in 1983, we got leadership crisis at the time that resulted into war of SPLM/A led by Dr. John Garang and Anya Anya II led by Samuel Gai Tut. We, John Garang faction defeated the Anya Anya II. That was first phase
In the course of the struggle, many commanders left the SPLM/ SPLA. These commanders who left SPLM/A included Kerbino Kuany, William Nyuon, Glario Modi, Dr. Lam Akol, Dr. Riek Machar and many others. That was second phase.
At CPA negotiation, Dr. John Garang sidelined me. I stayed in Yei for two years without contact or update from him on the peace process. When I asked John Garang on how the peace is progressing my words were manipulated. However, with my good conflict resolution skills, we resolved our differences with John Garang in Rumbek in 2004 peacefully. That was third phase
In January 9 2005, the peace was signed, on July 31, 2005 . John Garang died ( MAY HIS SOUL REST IN PEACE ). I was appointed by SPLM leadership. The same day, I was appointed,
My leadership was undermined, agitated, sabotaged, contempt with by my colleagues who are now in opposition either leading the rebellion or mobilizing resources to bring me down. I just ignore their subversive activities . That was the last major phase I could remember.
In all these circumstances, I remained committed to the vision of SPLM/A which was the liberation and the independent of South Sudan that we achieved in 2011.

Honourable chiefs
My one objective from 2005 to 2011 was the independent of South Sudan. The second was the development that I delegated to your ministers . Millions of pounds were allocated to every ministry yearly.
In 2011, we got independent; we also realized that 4 billion dollars were stolen by 75 officials
Immediately after independence, I was about to begin on development proper, then we had the oil crisis where the oil was shut down and the Helgig war. the economy was in austerity .
No sooner had I solved the oil crisis than the coup was attempted and the subsequent civil war we are in now.
The genesis of the coup , the coup plotters says , I did not make development in last 8 years , for that reason I should step aside and give them the SPLM presidential election ticket in 2015 .They gave ultimatum on December 6,2013 , if I don’t listen to their demands there will be ‘’chaos , disorders and South Sudan will be in abyss’’ . Were they right ? They were not right because they were with me in the last 8 years they said I have failed the nation. If there were no development in last 8 years, it is our blame and failure all of us. If there were development in the last 8 years, it is our achievement and congratulation all of us.
So, On December 15 2013, the so called strong, incorruptible politicians started chaos…
My dear chiefs, I was not given a chance to do the best for the nation. , if the politicians of South Sudan were sincere enough, they would have let me finish my one term in the office, after they should begin asking me to step down.
Where is my mistake here? For the development. There is a division of labour. This is why we have ministers, governors and commissioners, every year a minister is given money for development. he breached trust his people put in him . He did not fulfill his obligation. He took the money and put it in his private account. Is this my mistake or lack of patriotism? It is the putting of money above one patriotism. Look at the MPs, they are given one million pound as CDF every year and in the constituencies, there are no health centers, no schools, and no roads. And this money has been given to the MPs for the last 8 years. Is this my mistake or the lack of patriotism on the part of the MPs? Look, the commissioners are given 3 million pound as grant for development. I will not talk how much money is given to every state yearly for development, and there are no roads, schools, and hospitals in both states and counties around the country. Is this my mistake or lack of patriotism on the part of governors and commissioners?

My dear chiefs, they call me “corrupted, failed, weak, murderer”
I am innocent, I have done nothing wrong. I am just a VICTIM OF BAD TEAMWORK, bad ministers, bad governors, bad commissioners who put money and personal interest above their patriotism.
The only mistake I made was 75 letters I wrote asking the 75 men and women to bring money instead I would have arrested, forced them to bring the money.
They say “I am clinging on to power, I am not, will I live forever? I will not, then why I cling on to power? I am ready to relinquish power when my term ends. For example , if someone just wake in morning and tell you , give me power , I want to be chief of this village in contemptuous manner , will you agree , of course not , this is what my colleagues are doing .
Today, I announce to you that I will not abide by the mess and conspiracies plan out of the country; I stick to my original plan. I will step down in 2020. From 2011 to 2020 is two term. This is in line with the two presidential term limit which will be enshrined in the permanent, federal constitution within one month time from now. Thank you ‘’’
After this speech, Mr. Kiir should take photos with each chief and he should give the golden handshake to each chief. This will win chiefs minds and hearts and the chiefs will win the minds and the hearts of the people in the villages.
On the second day, Mr. Kiir should head to South Sudan legislative Assembly and he should give this speech too;
“Honourable MPs, South Sudan is now the contended child by two women before King Solomon in the Bible. The presidency is the contended child. The SPLM in government is the mother of the living child. The SPLM in opposition is the mother of dead child (failed coup). The IGAD is the King Solomon. The rebels or the mother of dead child (failed coup) says “if I do not get presidency South Sudan (the living child) must be cut into two. This means South Sudan should break up into different autonomous states. These states could become independent, should one ethnic group still dominate the politic and monopolizes resources. This is what they mean by federalism.
Honourable MPS
I don’t understand the different between federalism and the current system we are operating. to cut it short , we are in the federal system , this is why we have 10 states , ,10 assemblies , 10 governors. If the disciple of federalism are not calling for independent under codename federalism then they would have called for the amendment of constitution. Today, I discover one thing, the word federalism is not written in the constitution, and it is the cause of all debates about federalism. .as the legitimate president with political efficacy, I have dissolved the Constitution Review Committee that was going on drafting the constitution. I am not waiting for anyone outside to come and do good thing with me because those guys they taint my image around the world that I am corrupt, weak , failed and murderer Today , I authorize you, MPs to write the permanent, federal constitution of Republic of South Sudan within one month, with following, federal features, controlled by the centre
1. Police, wildlife, prison, fire brigade and national security and army
2 foreign relations
3 National defining resources like oil and gold. These national defining resources should be distributed in the following percents
1 5% to locality like Maluth country
2 15% to state like Upper Nile State
3 80% to federal government and will be converted to 100% and divided by 10 states.
4 2 presidential term limits

On my part as the president of the Republic, I still stick to my original plan. I will step down in 2020. Before 2020, I will construct the triangle road – a tarmac road from Juba to Malakal from Malakal to WaU and Wau to Juba .
Lastly, I thank people of Greater Equatoria for not challenging my government with open rebellion, for that reasons, I will make sure that a presidential candidate from Greater Equatoria set good policies to win the presidential election in 2020 and I will hand over power to him. This is to change the mindsets that believe in the Dinka Domination. It is becoming false belief that Dinka are now dominating other tribes. I will hand power to another tribe in 2020. I will not hand power over to anyone who threats the nation with violence, I am sure 100% if it is by force no one will take power from me , you have seen in last seven months but for sake of justice for all , prosperity for all , liberty for all , I will concede . It is our country all of us , whether you are small tribe like Pari or big like Azande . This is to tell people from Greater Upper Nile that your violence will not take you to the state house. This is to tell anyone who want to be president, you must renounce violence.
Look peaceful people of Greater Equatoria get it before you violent people of Greater Upper Nile. Thank you. ‘’
if Mr. Kiir does this, he will win the minds and the hearts of desperate, frustrate citizens .

Rebel Leader, Riek Machar, Sides with Mabioor de Garang against Lul Ruai

Riek Machar backs Mabioor de Garang against Lul Ruai Koang, the rebel military spokesperson

SPLM-Leaders Meets President Museveni in Kampala

SPLM-Leaders Faction, formerly known as the SPLM Political Detainees

South Sudan is a violent place. Yes. It is also an interesting one.Yes.

Take for instance, the former political detainees of the ruling SPLM party are now calling themselves SPLM Leaders. And you just wonder how about those in Juba, aren’t they SPLM leaders too? How about the rebels?

In fact, there is more clamor for “SPLM” name tag than there is, probably, for “South Sudan” in the animal kingdom of South Sudanese politics.

Bizarrely, the recently appointed chairman of the rebel’s National Committee for Information and Public relation, Mabioor Garang de Mabioor, who is currently embroiled in a bitter quarrel with the rebel military spokesperson, Gen. Lul Ruai Koang, insisted today that they (the rebels) are the SPLM and should not be called SPLM in Opposition.

Then you wonder, how about those in the government, what are they if they are not SPLM too. If the rebels are to be called the SPLM, what would you called the ruling SPLM party in Juba? Of course, you can’t call both of them with the same name without inviting unnecessary confusion.

There has to be a way to differentiate the three contending camps. It has been SPLM in government for those in Juba; SPLM in Opposition for those who have taken up arms against the government and the SPLM political detainees for those who were suspected of having a hand in the proverbial coup of December 15th.

Mabioor is on record that it was Kiir who rebelled against the SPLM on December 15th, not Riek or him. Perhaps, that is why he thinks they are the SPLM and the government is, by implication, the rebel.

Pagan Amum and John Luk and Madam Nyandeng are on records that it is Riek and Kiir that are shedding the blood of South Sudanese. Nyandeng is on record that both Kiir and Riek should not be part of the transitional government. They should rather go and prepare for the forthcoming election while neutral persons executed the necessary sociopolitical reforms in Juba.

Perhaps, that is why the group billed themselves the SPLM leaders—Riek and Kiir, presumably have squandered their chances.

Interestingly too, the SPLM-Leaders, especially the vocal Pagan and fiery Nyandeng have been uncharacteristically quiet about the fashionable debate on federalism. What is their position? Who do THE leaders think?

Riek is for it; Kiirdit prefers the people themselves to decide, possibly in a general referendum. Listen to Wani Kong’a and Bangasi Bakasoro and you would be forgiven to think that they forcing Kiir to decree it today, not tomorrow.

All are for the SPLM; all are for federalism, but none is for South Sudan, and are all against South Sudanese. They are dying, suffering etc.

Well, back to the topic. The SPLM-leaders—former cabinet affairs minister Deng Alor Kuol; former minister of telecommunications and postal services Madut Biar Yel; former youth minister Dr. Chirino Hiteng; former finance minister Kosti Manibe; former roads and transport minister Gier Chuang Aluong; former justice minister John Luk Jok, and former Lakes state governor Chol Tong Mayai;  Pagan Amum Okiech, former secretary-general of the ruling SPLM party; Oyai Deng Ajak, former minister for national security; and Majak D’Agoot, former deputy minister of defence–are in Uganda to meet with President.

Uganda has been the most dangerous place for South Sudanese leaders. The pioneering father of South Sudanese liberationary struggle, Father Saturnino Lohure, was killed in Uganda. Dr. John Garang died while oh his way from Uganda. Recently, George Athoor Deng was murdered in Uganda.

What are these leaders doing there, South Sudanese people are asking.

By PaanLuel Wel, Juba, South Sudan.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL: South Sudan arms embargo crucial after massive Chinese weapons transfer

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, PRESS RELEASE

17 July 2014

UN: South Sudan arms embargo crucial after massive Chinese weapons transfer

The United Nations Security Council must impose a comprehensive arms embargo on South Sudan, Amnesty International urged after receiving reports of Chinese small arms and ammunition proliferation amongst both sides in the conflict.

The organization also has confirmed that China supplied a further 1,000 tonnes of small arms and light weapons worth US$38 million to the country just over two weeks ago.

“China is playing a dangerous diplomatic game with the lives of millions of people in South Sudan. It has pledged to provide peacekeeping troops to protect civilians, and at the same time has sent over 1,000 tonnes of arms,” said Elizabeth Ashamu Deng, South Sudan Researcher at Amnesty International.

“Such arms are likely to fall into the hands of both parties to the conflict and be used to fuel the atrocities threatening civilian lives.”

The Security Council, of which China is a permanent member, has already condemned violations of international humanitarian law in South Sudan, including extrajudicial executions and ethnically targeted violence.

In May, the Security Council amended the mandate of the UN peacekeeping force in South Sudan (UNMISS) to focus on protection of civilians, supporting the implementation of the cessation of hostilities agreement, investigating human rights abuses and violations and creating conditions for delivery of humanitarian assistance. China has pledged a full battalion of some 850 troops to join this peacekeeping operation.

A UN arms embargo designed to help stop gross violations of human rights and war crimes would require every state to take all necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer of arms to South Sudan. Pending such an embargo, states should immediately suspend international arms transfers to South Sudan.

The Chinese shipment

Chinese state-owned defence manufacturer NORINCO sent more than 1,000 tonnes of weapons and munitions worth millions of dollars to the South Sudanese government armed forces in a shipment that arrived last month. It included rocket systems, thousands of automatic rifles and grenade launchers, 20,000 grenades, hundreds of pistols and machine guns, and several million rounds of ammunition.

According to the shipping documents and related information, the massive arms shipment was loaded onto the Hong Kong-based vessel Feng Huang Song in two batches before leaving the Chinese ports of Dalian on 8 May and Zhanjiang on 15 May 2014. It reached Mombasa, Kenya on 7 June and the cargo was unloaded three days later, destined for the South Sudanese government in Juba in fulfilment of a contract signed on 3 April, 2013.

Amnesty International is aware of reliable reports that Chinese ammunition manufactured in 2013 for Chinese-made CQ assault rifles has recently been used by armed opposition fighters as well as government-aligned armed groups. CQ 5.56×45 assault rifles were first observed in South Sudan in 2013 with South Sudanese rebel groups, some of whom stated they had been armed by Sudan. In addition, Chinese heavy machine-gun ammunition manufactured in 2013 has been found in the hands of fighters of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), a Darfuri rebel group that has fought alongside South Sudanese government forces and committed grave human rights abuses.

“This additional flow and proliferation of deadly equipment from China into South Sudan’s raging war will set the country back decades and pave the way for increased criminality and violence among civilians – even long after the current armed conflict ends,” said Elizabeth Ashamu Deng.

“Given the ongoing pattern of atrocities in South Sudan, it is a no-brainer that these weapons and munitions will be used to commit and facilitate further serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. The Security Council must roundly condemn any such flows of weapons and impose a comprehensive embargo on all arms transfers to South Sudan.”

Ongoing atrocities

Since the armed conflict erupted on 15 December 2013, the USA and European Union have already suspended military support to South Sudan. The decisions came amid ongoing crimes against humanity and war crimes committed by both South Sudanese government and opposition forces.

On two recent missions to South Sudan, including one this month, Amnesty International documented how both sides have targeted people, including women and children, based on their ethnicity. They have killed individuals seeking refuge in hospitals and places of worship. These atrocities have generally involved the use of small arms and light weapons.

“The rebels shot dead the four people in the beds next to mine,” a civilian patient named John told Amnesty International, referring to a raid on Malakal hospital by forces loyal to former Vice President Dr Riek Machar in mid-February 2014. Individuals have also been shot dead in hospitals in Bor and Bentiu.

In the South Sudanese capital Juba, too, civilians have repeatedly been targeted using small arms and light weapons. A resident of the city’s Jebel Kujur area described to Amnesty International how government soldiers attacked his home on 17 December 2013:

“My house was surrounded with heavy artillery and many soldiers as well. Gun shots were fired at me and my relatives in the house, and three of them were killed on the spot.”

Nyaliap witnessed the massacre of 11 men in Pariang County, Unity state by government forces in December 2013. A group of about 20 soldiers “stripped them naked and tied their hands behind their backs. They lined them up…and they [shot] them from behind.”

Amnesty International continues to call for accountability for all those responsible for such actions by government and opposition forces, which constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other serious human rights violations.

Background

The Bloomberg news agency reported on the Chinese arms transfer on 9 July (“China Sells South Sudan Arms as Its Government Talks Peace” by Ilya Gridneff) and also released the shipping documents to Jane’s Defence Weekly (“South Sudan takes delivery of Chinese ATGWs” by Jeremy Binnie).

The Chinese company NORINCO combines manufacturing, research and trading of arms and related equipment.

Between 2007 and 2008 various large shipments of arms arrived in South Sudan from Ukraine via Mombasa. It is not clear if Ukraine was aware that South Sudan government forces were the intended end-user, and not Kenya, as stated in the documentation.

Public Document
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For more information please call Amnesty International’s press office in London, UK, on
+44 20 7413 5566
email: press@amnesty.org
twitter: @amnestypress 
International Secretariat, Amnesty International, 1 Easton St., London WC1X 0DW, UK

 

Jieng Elders: Seeking Solution for Acceptable Administration to the People of South Sudan

By Concerned Jieng Community Elders, Juba, South Sudan.

south sudan, state headquarters

Introduction:

People of South Sudan have not agreed on the system of governance they should adopt to rule themselves peacefully. The recent Agreement between the government and the Murle Community led by YauYau has revealed the tendencies of people of South Sudan to govern themselves through ethnic administrative set up like the choice of Murle for autonomous administrative unit away from greater Jonglei state.

This move is indicative of the rejection of the ten states inherited from the government of Khartoum as stipulated in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). It further suggests also that majority of people of South Sudan prefer ethnic administrative arrangements better than former greater regions of the provinces of Equatoria, Upper Nile and Bahr al Ghazal as a solution to tribal rivalry over the resources with the strongest dominating the ethnic minorities or minority making false claim of marginalization in the larger administration, thereby creating enmity between ethnic communities that eventually result into violence of the rivaling communities.

Given the above argument, the choice to opt for an ethnic administration, can easily be adopted from the past colonial administrative set-up of twenty-three districts, as they stood on 1st` January 1956. These districts were wholly or partially set up on ethnic arrangements, except in few cases where some minority communities were put together with larger communities for possible governing conveniences at that time which might have now negatively or positively changed with the change of communities’ attitude towards each other.

Therefore, a solution acceptable to such minority could be addressed in whatever suitable manner. In general therefore minorities must be accorded or facilitated chances of choices to remain in their current authority, form their own administrative unit when viable or choose to join another community or administrative authority they share borders with.

The 21 federal states proposed by Riek Machar

Federal Arrangement:

Many people of South Sudan are demanding for application of federal system as one of the solutions to govern the country peacefully. There is no problem with the federal governance except the fact that the country was marginalized by Khartoum and left without development. Therefore, there was need for the country to consolidate itself for some reasonable period of time to use available resources for equitable development until suitable time to apply federal system where-after each administrative unit or state would have a chance to run its own affairs with available resources of that state without much difficulty. But as things stand now, this step has to be skipped and the federal system be introduced because the demand for it is a wish of the majority.

There are many countries which are federal based. Some examples of nations with good federal systems are Germany, Canada, etc. These federal systems can be examined and improved for application that suit South Sudan. For example in these federal systems, each Federal state depends on its resources except where government have the right of resources like customs, taxes and other specified rights spelt out in the federal constitution.

The rich states make contributions to the federal government pool fund for its budget and contribution to the poor states. The federal government source of revenue comes from customs, VAT, etc., and other specified taxes in the constitution. These taxes are either collected directly by the federal government or by the state or Municipality on behalf of the federal government.

Other detailed power structures of federal arrangements are embodied in the federal system of governance depending on the model of choice from any federal arrangement and to be agreed upon and adopted by the people of South Sudan.

south sudan map by counties

Constitutional Review for Permanent constitution preparation:

For the people of South Sudan to develop and adopt a system of federal governance, they have to go through established institutions of the Transitional constitution for governance if they believe in good governance that respects established systems. Therefore, the current constitutional review process must be followed without resorting to short-cut initiatives to avoid future shortcomings that may result into poor definitions and wrong application of federal system in the constitution that would eventually fail good governance. Hence, the application of a federal system must pass through a constitutional review process leading to permanent constitution.

The Three Provinces of Southern Sudan and Districts as of 1st` Jan. 1956:

Equatoria Provincial Districts:

1. Kapoeta; 2. Torit; 3. Yei River; 4. Juba; 5. Maridi; 6. Yambio; 7. Tumbura

Bahr Al Ghazal Provincial:

1. Yirol; 2. Lakes; 3. Jur River; 4. Raga; 5. Aweil; 6. Tonj; 7. Gogrial;

Upper Nile Provincial Districts:

1. Renk; 2. Malakal; 3. Nasir; 4. Pibor; 5. Akobo; 6. Bor; 7. Bentiu; 8. Pangak; 9. Kodok.

The above former twenty-three provincial districts can be developed into states to replace the current ones inherited from Khartoum.

Specific cases:

Distinct cases that may require ethnic solutions could be resolved in direct consultation with the affected community wishing to either have its own administration, be joined to another community of their choice or remain within the same community. There shall be developed standards and criteria that can qualify an ethnic community to have a state in the consideration of population, resources and security.

Proposal for federal states:

The sub-committee charged with the purpose for structure of federal states agreed that the colonial districts are the best that can be used to structure federal states as this was based on the nationalities or ethic structure which was wholly in some cases and partial on others given realities on the ground.

This arrangement would allow nationalities to develop their languages with no serious problems, easy understanding of themselves due to illiteracy, backwardness and suspicion. In this manner much would be achieved in the long run when education changes the attitude of suspicion and backwardness thereby coming together and embracing larger communities for better understanding, achievement in development and love for greater improvement of life.

The committee then went down to discuss the terms of references: population, economy, cultural affiliation, geographical alignment, security consideration or any other dictating realities on the ground like ethnics integration settlement for instance.

south sudan map by state

The committee was able to arrive at the following results after heated debate and reasoning as thus:

List of States, Counties and Headquarters (H/Q):

E1 Imatong State:Torit +Ikotos+ Lafon+ Magwi; H/Q Torit
E2 Lomurnyang State: Kapoeta S. + Kapoeta North + Kapoeta East + Budi; H/Q Kapoeta
E3 Maridi State: Mundri West+ Mundri East + Mvollo + Ibba; H/Q Maridi
E4 Gbudwe State: Anzara + Yambio + Ezo + Tumbura + Nagero; H/Q Yambio
E5 Jubek State: Juba +Terekeka; H/Q Juba
E6 Yei River State: Yei + Kajo-keji + Morobo + Lainya; H/Q Yei

B1 Wau State: Bagari + Jur River; H/Q Wau
B2 Aweil State: Aweil South + Aweil Center; H/Q Aweil
B3 Lol State: Aweil West + Aweil North + Raga; H/Q Raga
B4 Aweil East State: Aweil East; H/Q Wanyjok
B5 Kiir State: Twic + Abyei; H/Q MayenAbun
B6 Gogrial State: Gogrial East + Gogrial West; H/Q Kuacjok
B7 Tonj State: Tonj North + Tonj East+ Tonj South; H/Q Tonj
B8 Lakes State: Yirol East+ Yirol West+ Awerial; H/Q Yirol
B9 Rumbek State: Cueibet + Rumbek East + Rumbek North + Rumbek Center + Wulu; H/Q Rumbek

U1 Liech State: Rubokona + Guit + Leer + Mayendit + Panyijar + Koch + Mayom; H/Q Bentiu
U2 Ruweng State: Panrieng + Abiemnom; H/Q Abiemnom
U3 Eastern Nile State: Renk + Maban + Melut + Baliet + Akoka + Pigi; H/Q Malakal
U4 Western Nile State: Panyikang + Kodok + Manyo; H/Q Kodok
U5 Jonglei State: Bor+ Twic East +Duk; H/Q Bor
U6 Bieh State: Fanjak+Ayod+Akobo+ Nyirol+Uror ; H/Q Ayod
U7 Latjoor State: Nasir+ Ulang + Maiwut+ Longuchok; H/Q Nasir
U8 Boma State: Pibor+Pachalla+Buma; H/Q Pibor

All the borders of these new states shall be based on 1956 borders of the three provinces of Southern Sudan by then.

Capital City

1. Ramciel shall be the capital city of the Federal State.
2. Juba shall be the temporary seat of the Federal Government until relocation to Ramciel is determined.
3. The residents of Ramciel and Juba shall have full measure of self-government. Particulars shall be determined by law.
4. The Administrations of Ramciel and Juba shall be responsible to the Federal Government until relocation to new Capital of Ramciel is finalized.
5. Residents of Ramciel and Juba shall in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, be represented in the National Legislative Assembly.
6. The special interests of Lakes State in Ramciel and Central Equatoria in Juba, regarding the provision of social services or the utilization of natural resources and other similar matters as well as joint Administrative matters arising from the location of Ramciel within Lakes State and Juba within Central Equatoria State, shall be respected. Particulars shall be determined by law.

*This is based on a thorough consultative study with various communities of South Sudan from September 2013 – June 2014.