Bentiu, UNMISS Camp
By Kur Wel Kur
Dinka and Nuer tribes acquired the hatred from the years of successive struggles for the stolen dignity and land, their pride occupy the central place in their lives. However, when it comes to consistency, Dinka people strode into burning sulphur, choosing death than to surrender their dignity; a decision termed by others as stupid and arrogant.
Most Dinka people holds their dignity close to their hearts because of thousand reasons, but the pride of owning a country today tip-topped these reasons. Nuers oscillated thousand times. For this reason, Nuers, calling for a “change of governance”, “democracy”, “federalism” or creating “21 or 23 states” will relieve us not! But desperate moves in attempt of permanently burying the Dinka tribe in the depth of the ocean.
A crystal clear message for every Dinka to digest; though we must critically and creatively do something about it, the Dinka people must absorb information in our current situations and operate in the parameters of saving our beloved country. Nevertheless, those citizens or tribes that preach hatreds or a country or leadership free of Dinka must challenge themselves with the task to accomplish their wishful thinking if they can.
This article will discuss why Dinka don’t trust Nuer today. In successive years, Dinka and Nuer people led liberation struggles and waged wars against the Khartoum governments. The liberation struggles came in phases: first Sudanese civil war (phase Ⅰ), and the second Sudanese civil war (phase Ⅱ).
I will concentrate on the second Sudanese civil war (phase Ⅱ) for sake of this article. PhaseⅡ: in 1975, dissatisfied ex-soldiers took arms in eastern Upper Nile and formed AnyanyaⅡ, the majority of Nuers with negligible numbers of Dinka led this movement and Gai Tut as its leader. The 1972 Peace Agreement disintegrated gradually because Jafaar Nimeiri’s government began conducting policies that violated the Addis Ababa Agreement as Abel mentioned in his book. The Agreement finally collapsed in 1983 when fully trained soldiers with some officers defected from the government army. They then, moved to Ethiopia, which became the SPLM/A (some called it phase Ⅲ of liberation struggle) nursing home.
The SPLM/A and Anyanya Ⅱ disagreed over who to lead the movement, in that incident, Gai Tut (Nuer) lost his life. Akuot Atem, a Dinka, lost his life too in the hands of Nuers as a revenge for Gai Tut’s death. As a result, AnyanyaⅡ split, some soldiers led by commander Gordon Kong Chuol joined the SPLM/A and some soldiers opted to join the Khartoum government, where the Khartoum used them to fight the SPLM/A, they attacked SPLM/A recruits on their way to BilPam, Ethiopia. SPLM/A with the help of Ethiopia trained thousands of soldiers so SPLM/A liberated most towns in the south Sudan except Juba, Wau and Malakal.
With South Sudan in the horizon of falling altogether into the hands of the SPLM/A, SPLM/A concentrated all its operations around Juba! The Nuers freedom fighter, Riek Machar defected from the SPLM/A in 1991, a defection, which devastated Bor people. Most of Nuers’ officers including a highly valued high commander, William Nyuoon Bany followed Riek. The Khartoum government capitalized on the split and recaptured most towns in S.Sudan including the SPLM/A’s headquarters, Torit.
The movement in a weak state deployed two guerrilla tactics: • Moved its headquarters into poorly defined borders of Sudan-Uganda (e.g. Pogee) and Sudan-Kenya (e.g. Nadapal and Key Base). • Set up army barracks and internally displaced camps in mountainous terrains, for instance, New Cush, Natinga, omerie and lobone The tactics worked because the enemy couldn’t dare to aerial bombarded the SPLM/A in these poorly defined borders and their ground offensive was always a disaster on their sides as they could not accessed the camps and barracks because of the terrains.
Meanwhile, Riek signed peace deal with The Khartoum, 1997 peace Agreement. An agreement, which the Khartoum dishonoured, yet again. Riek prodigally returned to SPLM/A head down leaving some Nuers working and fighting for the Khartoum government. Thereafter, in 2005, SPLM/A and Khartoum government signed a Compressive Peace Agreement under vigilant eyes of Dr. John Garang Mabior. So why hate Dinka? In the Second phase of liberation process, Dinka and Nuer obtained much of bitterness and hatred we see today.
So most of harsh writings, which denounced Dinka received their energies from such histories facts; writings such as Lul Ruai Koang’s, regarded the defectors and power-minded likes of Gai Tut. However, the Dinka despised the Nuers because they killed Akuot Atem, a politician who collaborated with them in AnyanyaⅡ; and that’s why, some Dinka people are worried about Mabior Garang because he occupies the same situation as Akuot did!
The history repeats itself, we saw it in 1991 and saw it again in 2013 when a mad man ran away with his same fake democracy as reason in both rebellions. So if one of them, Gatdet or Riek, loses his life today in the hands of government forces, Mabior will lose his in the hands of Nuers, his friends, God forbids but that’s Nuers’ nature.
In conclusion, my South Sudanese, I know Mr. Kiir must shoulder the blame, the cross, regardless of the heavy criticisms from the world, regardless of public humiliation, regardless of exhaustion, regardless of how many times he fell, he must get on his feet before the Simon of Cyrene comes to his rescue because he is the PRESIDENT However, his failures as a person, weigh less than being a Dinka; he committed no crime as a citizen than a crime he ‘committed’ for having come from the Dinka tribe.
This, represents the true nature of our problems today. Dinka must think twice every time they join the dance of pseudo-democracy, pseudo-federalism and pseudo-21 states because most people from other tribes covet a country or leadership free of Dinka.
N/B, Readings: Sudan: Independence through Civil Wars, 1956-2005 (by Mollie Zapata) and too many agreements dishonoured (by Abel Alier Kwai).
PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd - South Sudan 
DR. RIEK MACHAR: THE ULTIMATE MESSIAH FOR SOUTH SUDAN
Posted: July 28, 2014 by PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd. in Commentary, Featured Articles, Kiir AgouBy Job Kiir Garang, Edmonton, Canada
Dear readers, I must say that the political situation in South Sudan has, over the past seven months or so, been very toxic. In fact, I have almost come to a conclusion that for most of us who participate in various social media, we are not helping at all in trying to solve our problems as South Sudanese. We are immersed in senseless and ultimately endless tribal dog-fight. No tribes bring that fight to the forefront than the two biggest tribes in the country i.e. the Dinka and the Nuer. I happen to be a Dinka myself and I am sure there are many from my side of the great tribal divide who might be shocked by my apparent full support for Dr. Riek as the only man who can pull us out of the abyss of dark ages into a more prosperous and brighter future for our beloved country.
My heading does not need an explanation as to what my stands are. Being a veteran myself, I must admit that the country we so heartily fought for against a faith-driven regime is ever falling behind. The hopes and aspirations we had are ebbing out. The future looks bleak and there seems to be nothing but absolute hopelessness at the end of the tunnel. Reason? A bunch of thugs and political hustlers have decided to run the country as a personal property and the sad part, and probably the reason behind the sudden eruption by our nation into civil conflict, is the fact that a small faction of the country (infact a sub-tribe of Gokrial) is running the show in every department within the government. Anyway, let me not get ahead of myself. Having stated where I stand politically, I have the burden to try and explain why I think Dr. Riek is the only hope we have right now and not the cowboy.
First and foremost, I will start with Salva Kiir Mayardit. They always say, give credit where it is due. Having fought in the SPLA liberation war alongside the like of them, I must say that he was one of the best in the business. No one would come second to Dr. John Garang if they were a bunch of numb nuts. He was, during the struggle, our proverbial Moses of the Bible. He was supposed to take us all the way to the promise land and he sure did try. Sadly for most of us, he never learned from the master. Instead of following the scripts left behind, he chose to do it his own way: the failed ways as we have come to know them. Firstly, he has no vision for the country. He is non-ideologue. The worse of them all is the fear mongering tactics that his government has employed during his office tenure. Instead of acknowledging the fact that a healthy government can only grow out of nuances or differences debated with civility, he shamelessly fires and dissolved his cabinet.His constant belief that the problems in South Sudan are mainly being propagated from outside (UNMISS to be exact) is utter ignorance. Clean your own mess Mr. before you start pointing fingers. I am sure the many South Sudanese who lost their jobs, and notably, those in the government never got fired by an external body. It was all up to the president himself.
And when war broke out, he did very little to help bring the fighting to a sudden halt. If anything, members of his inner circles masterminded some of the worse killings in the capital, Juba where many Nuer civilians as well as soldiers got murdered in cold blood. Some innocent brothers of Dinka origin who happened to have the same facial marks as Nuer were also brutally killed. Many of the South Sudanese, with sound ideas to help move the country in a better direction are always suppressed and in worse case scenario, intimidated and offered death threats. A persistence of any kind would cost someone a job and even worse, their lives. Autocracy is a crazy form of government in my opinion or even the opinion of any sensible human beings. Salva Kiir has exercised it to the fullest and the results are out there for everyone to see. The country is a failed state even at its apparent infancy: the proverbial flower nipped in the bud. The civil society has been unjustly destroyed and denied every bit necessary for survival. Kiir’s brothers and sisters have become the vultures of the wild that feed off the land and the people for their selfish gains. The Dinka tribe has become a bad taste in the mouth these days. A mentioning of the word itself seems to make smaller tribes cringe detestation. Every Dinka is guilty by association.
Some States within the country have been fighting grounds for many years during the struggle and even today. Kiir has done very little to try and clean up those states in order to bring about peace. Jonglei and Upper Nile States are being systematically destroyed by turning the Nuer against their Dinka counterpart and other tribes in their surroundings and the government has always turned a non-sympathetic eye. It has often thrown the tribal crisis into the woodwork. The innocent majority continue to be voiceless. Sadly for them, there seems to be very little hope insight. The younger generation has no hope. The old guards are holding on to power that they cannot even handle with any sensible approach.No provision of public services to the people that need them the most, neither international intelligence, or domestic intelligence and most journalists are hiding in fear that they might be convicts of the regime if they express their ideas i.e. no freedom of the press. Kids of the less fortunate are becoming the mattresses upon which the powerful and the self-made greedy millionaires sleep on. They are the used and reusable tools by the wealth-thirsty few in association with the president. Comes the hour, comes the man, this greed to remain in power will surely be tested.
Turning my argument in support of the man: Dr. Riek Machar, I must say in advance that we are living in an age where the last thing we need is division. I have a deep conviction that if the Dinka and the Nuer could live in harmony without political fear mongering and distractions, South Sudan would be a peaceful country. Riek might have come from a tribe in South Sudan where members easily pick up arms whenever one of their guy (Riek in particular) has had difference in opinion with the Dinka leaders but am sure given the chance to lead, he might settle the dust that is ever blowing in the air of that beautiful country. Below are some of the reasons why I feel Riek can make a good if not better leader: Firstly, just have a quick glance at his opposition cabinet. Despite his movement being predominantly Nuer in manpower, it surely does look very inclusive. It is what few or indeed many would describe as the microcosm of South Sudanese future. His cabinet is representative of many if not everyone in South Sudan. You have the Equatorians, the Dinka, the Nuer, the Shilluk and many more are expected to be part and parcel of his vision for South Sudan and I am sure the youth will have a say in his government. That would be a country worth building and caring for.
Secondly, Riek has always fallen short of recognition on a number of occasions. He has been a victim of political rigidity by his Dinka counterparts either during the political struggle or in the aftermath. His desire to drive the country in a more unified direction has always been perceived by those above him as a secret agenda to overthrow them. He has always been portrayed as someone greedy for power. He is always victimized as a tribalist when in truth, we do have proven tribalists in the shape of Kiir and his cohorts. False claims of coup have been blamed against him while the truth remains the same old fear mongering tactics by the president who owns every single power in the country. When there was a dire need to sign the Addis Ababa cease fire, the president dragged his feet while those that he accused of having planned a coup against him (Riek included) were desperate to get it done and bring an end to the appalling bloodshed of the innocent civilians. The brief message to all South Sudanese is this; if you believe in democracy and peaceful co-existence, the wise thing to do right now is join forces in turning the pages of an old-fashioned, non-progressive, greed-driven, divisive politics and replace it with (although never tested) alternative form of the government that seems on paper the opposite of what we have been accustomed to over the last 9 years. I’m sure, given the opportunity, Riek and his political crew might be able to tackle some of the issues of our time for I do believe that with the help of nationalists like Hon. Pagan Amum, Dr. MajakD’Agoot, Cde MabiorGarang de Mabior and the rest of the regiments, he might be in the right position to help solve the main problems such as Education for all, poverty, political corruption, war, famine and so on.
As a message of intent for a better South Sudan, I call upon those that dare to dream and change our country for the best. This must start with a public outcry (not that we have not been doing so) but this time we have to be loud and clear. To all my brothers and sisters who feel left out, this is the time. We have to gather efforts and make our voices are heard. We have been silenced for long and I am sure everyone is beginning to feel the pinch. I know there are lots of people that feel the president still has some gas in his tank and would be disappointed by our message, but I can just urge you to look at this issue from a different angle: an angle that looks at ourselves as nothing but good neighbours with our counterparts on the other side and the only way forward is to try and prevent Political leaders setting us apart. If these six major States of Jonglei, Upper Nile, Unity, Central, Western and Eastern Equatoria do unite, I can assure you that there will be stability and an eventual birth of a long lasting peace. Fighting does not solve any problem. The president has supported Murle especially YauYau’s group. Most of the people in Jonglei state got disarmed except the Murle who carry out attack on civilians in Twic East, Duk, and Nuer. The government (under the leadership of Kiir) never intervened. He ignored the assault on the people aforementioned as though nothing happened. We are hereby throwing our full support for Riek Machar. He might not have totally clean hands but give him the office of the president and the rest will be judged afterwards. The events of December last year leading into 2014 have convinced many that Kiir is a failed leader and the last thing we need is to stick with him and hope that things will change in the future. No country should be governed within the confines of a bar (better known in Juba as Home and away).
I, or as better known as Kiir-Agou and a veteran of the struggle, live in a country where voices are heard regardless of your status. I would love to see a South Sudan that images or exhibits the same kind of life that I experience here. I am sure deep down every South Sudanese feel the same way. I was a loyal servant to that country for 14 years and it is sad to see it goes into the drains. I am not writing to please anyone but I have a group of people that have decided to petition my decision. They are about sixty right now to be exact and the main call is we have to all man up and take a stand to make our country a better one.
RIEK Tosha!
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